Draper said before the tournament that she was “ready to go” despite struggling with an injury humerus – the bone that moves from shoulder to the elbow – on her left hand to her left hand.
He started realizing the issue during the Clay-court swing in April and said that it became “worse” during the grass-applied season.
Draper did not play in New York since his second round defeat in Wimbledon in early July, so that it returned from major tournaments in Canada and Cincinnati to recover.
The British competed in the US Open Mixed Doubles tournament with Jessica Pegula last week and wore a sleeve on her injured hand during her first round match.
Draper practiced in New York on Wednesday morning, but later announced that he would be unable to continue in the tournament.
Former world number nine Andrea Petkovic said on Radio 5 Live that she was “not surprised” to hear about Draper’s return.
“Adrenaline can do things for your body – you can feel fine for weeks and it can grow after four -set match,” he said.
“It is difficult to handle bone injuries. If you come back very quickly they can always come back.”
This is a bitter shock to the Britain, which performed his breakout major demonstration in New York last year.
His running points will be closed after the tournament from his run to the final four, which can impress his bid for the ATP tour final.